无人机倾斜影像自动检索及影像姿态恢复     

孙钰珊  艾海滨  许彪  杜全叶 《地球信息科学学报》2019,21(4):600-607

无人机倾斜摄影测量颠覆了以往正射影像只能从垂直角度拍摄的局限,在三维建模中有广泛的前景。针对有些无人机倾斜影像数据无相机标定参数、无航带信息（无序）、无POS信息的现状,本文以计算机视觉中基于内容的影像检索方法与改进的渐进式SFM方法为基础,提出一种“三无”影像自动检索、空中三角测量及影像三维重建的方法。该方法首先通过提取的特征检索出相似影像并建立网络结构,然后将影像进行两两匹配增强对应关系并进行连接点的追踪,最后利用光束法平差方法对其进行平差,获取影像集的三维点云,提高大规模影像检索、影像匹配速度的同时,提高重建的精确性和鲁棒度。本文选取三组典型试验区大数据量倾斜影像数据进行试验,立体实测控制点中误差可以达到平面0.16m/高程0.18m,试验验证了方法的稳定性、可靠性和实用性。  相似文献   

Water level observations from unmanned aerial vehicles for improving estimates of surface water–groundwater interaction          下载免费PDF全文

Filippo Bandini  Michael Butts  Torsten Vammen Jacobsen  Peter Bauer‐Gottwein 《水文研究》2017,31(24):4371-4383

Integrated hydrological models are usually calibrated against observations of river discharge and piezometric head in groundwater aquifers. Calibration of such models against spatially distributed observations of river water level can potentially improve their reliability and predictive skill. However, traditional river gauging stations are normally spaced too far apart to capture spatial patterns in the water surface, whereas spaceborne observations have limited spatial and temporal resolution. Unmanned aerial vehicles can retrieve river water level measurements, providing (a) high spatial resolution; (b) spatially continuous profiles along or across the water body, and (c) flexible timing of sampling. A semisynthetic study was conducted to analyse the value of the new unmanned aerial vehicle‐borne datatype for improving hydrological models, in particular estimates of groundwater–surface water (GW–SW) interaction. Mølleåen River (Denmark) and its catchment were simulated using an integrated hydrological model (MIKE 11–MIKE SHE). Calibration against distributed surface water levels using the Differential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis algorithm demonstrated a significant improvement in estimating spatial patterns and time series of GW–SW interaction. After water level calibration, the sharpness of the estimates of GW–SW time series improves by ~50% and root mean square error decreases by ~75% compared with those of a model calibrated against discharge only.  相似文献   

Application of Structure‐from‐Motion photogrammetry to river restoration          下载免费PDF全文

Baptiste Marteau  Damià Vericat  Chris Gibbins  Ramon J. Batalla  David R. Green 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(3):503-515

Structure‐from‐Motion (SfM) photogrammetry is now used widely to study a range of earth surface processes and landforms, and is fast becoming a core tool in fluvial geomorphology. SfM photogrammetry allows extraction of topographic information and orthophotos from aerial imagery. However, one field where it is not yet widely used is that of river restoration. The characterisation of physical habitat conditions pre‐ and post‐restoration is critical for assessing project success, and SfM can be used easily and effectively for this purpose. In this paper we outline a workflow model for the application of SfM photogrammetry to collect topographic data, develop surface models and assess geomorphic change resulting from river restoration actions. We illustrate the application of the model to a river restoration project in the NW of England, to show how SfM techniques have been used to assess whether the project is achieving its geomorphic objectives. We outline the details of each stage of the workflow, which extend from preliminary decision‐making related to the establishment of a ground control network, through fish‐eye lens camera testing and calibration, to final image analysis for the creation of facies maps, the extraction of point clouds, and the development of digital elevation models (DEMs) and channel roughness maps. The workflow enabled us to confidently identify geomorphic changes occurring in the river channel over time, as well as assess spatial variation in erosion and aggradation. Critical to the assessment of change was the high number of ground control points and the application of a minimum level of detection threshold used to assess uncertainties in the topographic models. We suggest that these two things are especially important for river restoration applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Verification of short-term runoff forecasts for a small Philippine basin (Marikina)     

David Kneis  Catherine Abon  Axel Bronstert  Maik Heistermann 《水文科学杂志》2017,62(2):205-216

Storm runoff from the Marikina River Basin frequently causes flood events in the Philippine capital region Metro Manila. This paper presents and evaluates a system to predict short-term runoff from the upper part of that basin (380 km²). It was designed as a possible component of an operational warning system yet to be installed. For the purpose of forecast verification, hindcasts of streamflow were generated for a period of 15 months with a time-continuous, conceptual hydrological model. The latter was fed with real-time observations of rainfall. Both ground observations and weather radar data were tested as rainfall forcings. The radar-based precipitation estimates clearly outperformed the raingauge-based estimates in the hydrological verification. Nevertheless, the quality of the deterministic short-term runoff forecasts was found to be limited. For the radar-based predictions, the reduction of variance for lead times of 1, 2 and 3 hours was 0.61, 0.62 and 0.54, respectively, with reference to a “no-forecast” scenario, i.e. persistence. The probability of detection for major increases in streamflow was typically less than 0.5. Given the significance of flood events in the Marikina Basin, more effort needs to be put into the reduction of forecast errors and the quantification of remaining uncertainties.  相似文献   

Coal top detection by conductively guided borehole radar wave imaging for open cut blast-hole drilling     

Binzhong Zhou  Matthew van de Werken  Jianjian Huo 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(3):982-998

Damage to the top of coal seams, caused by incorrect blast stand-off distances, results in coal losses of up to 10–15% to the Australian open cut coal mining operations. This is a serious issue to be addressed. Here we propose to use a new forward-looking imaging technique based on the borehole radar technology to predict the coal seam top in real time while drilling blast holes. This is achieved by coupling the conventional borehole radar waves on to a steel drill rod to induce a guided wave along the axial drill rod. The drill rod ahead of the borehole radar behaves as a forward-looking antenna for the guided waves. Both numerical modelling and field trials simulating a drill rod as an antenna are used to investigate the feasibility of the proposed technique for prediction of the coal top under typical open cut environments. Numerical modelling demonstrated that conductivity of the overburden is the most important factor affecting our ability to see coal seams ahead of the drill bit, the guided borehole radar waves could be used for top coal prediction and a theoretical prediction error less than 10 cm and a forward-looking capability of 4–6 m can be achieved. Field trials at Australian open cut coal mines also demonstrated that guided borehole radar waves can be observed and used for prediction of coal top ahead of drill bit during blast-hole drilling in resistive, open cut environments (the average resistivity should be higher than 75 Ωm).  相似文献   

Characterization of complex groundwater flows in the environment of singular buildings by combining hydrogeological and non-destructive geophysical (ground-penetrating radar) techniques: Punta Begoña Galleries (Getxo,Spain)     

Jesus A. Uriarte  Laura Damas Mollá  Maialen Sagarna  Arantza Aranburu  Francisco García  Iñaki Antigüedad  Tomás Morales 《水文研究》2020,34(4):1004-1015

Locating and quantifying groundwater flow in many built-up areas are a priority with regard to its complete restoration. In this work, a hydrogeological survey of the surroundings of the Punta Begoña Galleries (Getxo, Bizkaia), built on a coastal cliff, was completed by using ground penetrating radar (GPR) testing. Thus, the preliminary characterization of soils and rocks in accessible areas of the cliff was first improved by hydrogeological information gathered from a single survey borehole, including permeability measurements by low pressure injection tests (LPTs) and continuous water level monitoring. As a complementary method, the non-destructive GPR technique was performed during both dry and wet hydrological periods and in tandem with the injection tests, providing more complete spatial and temporal images of water flows. Specifically, GPR allows mapping of flow paths in soils and assessing the continuity of fractures in rock masses. Altogether, this complementary approach provides greater knowledge of complex underground flow dynamics in built environments, thus making it easier to make decisions for their management.  相似文献   

旋翼无人机载激光雷达在农村不动产权籍调查中的应用     

吉绪发 《测绘通报》2020,(7):152

我国越来越重视农村的发展，目前各地都在积极开展农村不动产权籍调查工作，该工作时间紧迫，对数据精度要求较高。在农村不动产权籍调查中，本文针对传统外业全野外调绘所带来的低效率问题，提出了利用旋翼无人机载激光雷达进行调绘的方法，并且通过实例验证了该方法相较于传统测绘方式能够提高测绘的效率且测绘精度符合最终要求。  相似文献   

激光扫描与无人机一体化控制下的复杂体育场馆高精度三维重建     

杨俊  王志鹏  祝凯  李淑红  焉石  胡春梅 《测绘通报》2020,(12):21-26

针对复杂体育场馆外部精细建模在完整性和精度方面存在的问题，本文提出了地面控制、地面激光扫描、无人机建模控制一体化的高精度建模方法。首先应用特制标志建立区域内控制、扫描、无人机高精度一体化坐标系统；其次对地面多站激光扫描点云结合控制坐标进行区域整体平差配准，生成一体化坐标系统下高精度地面点云模型；然后应用无人机数据和控制点生成一体化坐标下的高精度顶部数据；最后融合两种数据生成对象完整高精度精细模型。试验证明，整体平差解算方法可实现多站点云的高精度配准，一体化控制可实现非同源异质数据高精度融合，解决了复杂建筑对象的高精度建模问题，具有很大的实用价值。  相似文献   

无人机航测技术在广东省和平县第三次全国国土调查中的应用     

张建辉 《北京测绘》2020,(4):511-513

第三次全国国土调查是查实查清我国国土资源利用现状的重要手段,对提高国土资源利用效率和建设信息化社会有着积极的推动作用。本文以广东省和平县第三次国土调查项目为基础,将无人机航测技术应用于本次三调中,快速的获取了调查区高分辨率的航拍影像数据,结合GNSS技术等进行外业核查和补绘,生产出了符合三调精度要求的DOM、DEM产品,对编制各类工作底图奠定了基础。实践证明,将无人机航测技术应用第三次全国国土调查中具有明显的优势,主要体现在精度高、效率快、成本低、利用率高等方面。  相似文献   

无人机大比例尺测图像控点布设方案设计     

袁德宝  张新新  周振青  任兴达 《北京测绘》2020,(4):523-527

随着无人机技术的快速发展,无人机航空摄影测量的精度也大大改善,以无人机为平台低空摄影测量大比例尺地图成为可能。本文以旋翼无人机搭载非测量型相机,通过布设不同数量像控点进行分析和研究,得到无人机摄影测量在农村地区像控点布设规律。结果证明在合理像控点布设的情况下,无人机测图数字成果空中三角测量、平面和高程精度均可满足1∶500、1∶1000、1∶2000大比例尺地形测图的精度要求。  相似文献